Riefenstahl essays

Riefenstahl articles Workmanship, in any shape or structure, enthralls our advantage and feelings. Despite the fact that Leni Riefenstahl and Ray Muller contrast in the way to deal with film creation, both had comparable film procedures. Their movies advances to the crowds feelings, while distinguishing the subject with the crowd. Both movie chiefs utilize the expository intrigue of tenderness to bring in their enraptured crowd. In Leni Riefenstahls Triumph of the Will, she depicts a bound together and amazing Germany to help convince groups to join the Nazi system through the apparent force Germany evoked on the planet. Muller then again, enables the crowd to distinguish and feel for Riefenstahl in The Wonderful Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl. Riefenstahls life is appeared differently in relation to the legend that the world had made. In this narrative, Muller shows the crowd how Riefenstahl is human that her life is brimming with triumphs and disappointments simply like some other human. In spite of the fact that the two craftsmen advance to the crowd feelings, their delineation of their subjects extraordinarily varies. Riefenstahl shows Adolph Hitler in a positive light. Triumph of the Will spread purposeful publicity for Hitlers cause. Muller widened the extent of Riefenstahls life that the open saw. He needed crowds to see portions of Riefenstahls life other than those minutes connected to Hitler and her legend. Muller accomplished this objective by recording Riefenstahl in her normal and defenseless state. He prevailing by recording Riefenstahl with companions and demonstrating the crowd that she would not generally collaborate; pictures are connected to what being human is. Riefenstahl and Muller both recorded uncommon people. Riefenstahl recorded Hitler and Muller shot Riefenstahl. Despite the fact that their styles and strategies contrasted incredibly, we increase extraordinary knowledge and comprehension through these movies. ... <!

The Control on Nature Essays

The Control on Nature Essays The Control on Nature Essay The Control on Nature Essay Victoria Perez The Control of Nature Response Paper It is an incredibly troublesome errand for architects to plan a â€Å"dam† like the Old River Control Structure in southern Louisiana so they can be certain that it will forestall separation of the Mississippi into the Atchafalaya. The surge of 1973 that caused such a great amount of harm to the Old River Control Structure was the effect of numerous things. There were abnormally overwhelming snows in the upper valley. The South of the state got an uncommon measure of precipitation. In the long run, the overflows came down to the tributaries, developed, and eventually flagged PCs an admonition that the mainline levees were not sufficient to contain the measure of water gathered. In a condition of frenzy there were sandbags, potato edges and obstructions of uncompacted soil added to the levees to attempt to forestall a flood. During the kept spring high water the gathered waste all met up at Old River in units surpassing 2,000,000 cubic feet for each second. Twenty-five percent of that left the Mississippi channel and went to the Atchafalaya. Educator Racphael G. Kazmann recollects his experience strolling over the structure before the surge of 1973. Kazmann reviews, â€Å"That entire hopeless structure was vibrating This thing gauges 200,000 tons. At the point when 200,000 tons vibrates this way, this is a bad situation for R. G. Kazmann. I got in my consideration, pivoted, and hot the damnation out of there. † The structure and its stilling bowl had been worked to scatter vitality however not exactly that much vitality. The Mississippi delta is dying down and dissolving Deltas are regularly gradually expanding in size because of dregs saved by the waterway. The moderate increment is because of a slight unevenness between sedimentation by the stream, and sinking of the delta because of combination of more profound residue. The equalization has been angry with the development of levees and dams along the Mississippi River prompting fast disintegration of the Mississippi River delta in Louisiana. The development of levees along the lower waterway that channel water and residue past New Orleans and out into the Gulf. This has halted sedimentation all through the delta, and the delta is presently quickly sinking underneath ocean level. In the event that the levees didn't exist the waterway channel conveying a large portion of the stream water would change position, and store silt all through the delta. The digging of numerous channels to give access to oil and gas wells. The trenches assist salt with watering arrive at further inland, bringing about death of trees and vegetation that balances out wetlands. Wind blowing along the channels produces waves that dissolve the banks. What's more, storm floods created by storms travel along trenches causing disintegration further inland. All zones are not disintegrated at a similar rate during a tempest. A few zones have extreme disintegration during an occasion. Different zones have considerably less disintegration.

Colonial Canadian Shakespeare Essay examples -- William Shakespeare

1 Frontier Canadian Shakespeare: West Meets East at Stratford In his exposition â€Å"The Regional Theater System†, Czarnecki gets on the test of making a national auditorium in Canada, yet in addition verbalizes the focal and characterizing challenge in building up a bound together feeling of Canadian character; Canada, as a result of its gigantic range from sea to sea, is definitely isolated into locales unmistakable from their commonplace limits. The local limits which distinguish the Maritimes as unmistakable from French Canada and the Prairies as unmistakable from the West Coast, for instance, infer geographical, yet in addition social, social and political contrasts between these locales. Since Canada is a country conceived from British government, the provincial relationship that exists even today among Canada and Britain is obvious, however this pilgrim relationship is in no way, shape or form uniform across Canada. The distinctive territorial mentalities towards Britain and Canada’s provincial history got obvious to me when, as a Western Canadian, I saw a creation of Hamlet in Central Canada: at the Stratford Celebration in Stratford, Ontario. This creation served to show that Shakespeare fills in as a standard by which to quantify the pioneer connections between guaranteed Canadian area and the British Crown; in this way Shakespeare likewise assists with lighting up the disparities between these various locales corresponding to Canada’s pilgrim history. The Stratford Festival, whose order is to â€Å"produce, to the best expectations conceivable, the best works of theater in the old style and contemporary collection, with 2 uncommon accentuation on crafted by William Shakespeare†, has become the spot in Canada to see creations of Shakespeare. As Cza... ...particle to the creation of Hamlet was just additional evidence, notwithstanding, that Shakespeare’s notable situation in Canadian culture starts in our common provincial history. Adjustments of Shakespeare are recounting territorial contrasts, which is just the case since Canada also is established in Shakespeare’s home nation. 6 Works Cited: Czarnecki, Mark. â€Å"The Regional Theater System.† Contemporary Canadian Theater: New World Visions. Ed. Anton Wagner. Toronto: Simon and Pierre, 1985. 35- 48. Fischlin, Daniel and imprint Fortier. â€Å"General Introduction.† Adaptations of Shakespeare. Eds. Daniel Fischlin and Mark Fortier. London: Routledge, 2000. 1-22. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Susanne Wofford. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994. Full creation subtleties of the Stratford Festival’s 2000 creation of Hamlet accessible at http://www.paulgross.org/theatreindex.html#hamlet

Trial and Death of Socrates Essay Example

Preliminary and Death of Socrates Essay Benjamin Jowett. The Trial and Death of Socrates (Dover Edition). New York: Dover Publications, 1992 â€Å"What is the charge? All things considered, an intense charge, which shows a decent arrangement of character in the youngster, and for which he is absolutely not to be disdained. He says he knows how the adolescent are debased and who are their corruptors. Furthermore, I extravagant that he should be a savvy man, and seeing that I am definitely not an astute man, he has discovered me out, and will blame me for undermining his young companions. Also, of this our mom the state is to be the appointed authority. Of all our political men he is the one in particular who appears to me to start in the correct manner, with the development of prudence in youth; he is a decent cultivator, and deals with the shoots first and gathers up us who are the destroyers of them. That is the initial step; he will a short time later take care of the senior branches; and in the event that he goes on as he has started, he will be an extraordinary open benefactor† (p. 2). This statement from Socrates states, in a brief however exact way, what the whole book is about. Socrates steady quest for a response to the implications of devotion, scandalousness, excellence, what is simply or unfair, all while being put being investigated for an allegation of defiling the young people of Athens by instructing them to put stock in new divine beings and not to have faith in the divine beings set up in the state religion. Socrates isn't just on the journey for himself, yet in addition on a mission to make his kindred Athenians question their own assumptions of said implications. We will compose a custom paper test on Trial and Death of Socrates explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Trial and Death of Socrates explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Trial and Death of Socrates explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer I will currently utilize the Euthyphro, the Apology, and the Crito exchanges as three instances of how Socratesâ€either talking with somebody legitimately or to a crowd of people of patronsâ€is in consistent inquiry to discover answers, for him as well as for other people. â€Å"By the forces, Euthyphro! how little does the normal group know about the idea of right and truth. A man must be an uncommon man and have made extraordinary walks in astuteness, before he could have seen his approach to this† (p. 3). This statement from Socrates comes after he asks Euthyphro what he is doing on the patio of King Archon. Euthyphro reacts by revealing to Socrates that he is there to raise a charge of homicide against his dad. At the point when Socrates calls attention to that, as per acknowledged convictions, it is insidious to hurt or welcome disfavor on one’s dad, Euthyphro counters that that has no effect. As indicated by acknowledged convictions, harboring a murderer isn't right and contaminates the individuals who partner with him. This reaction is the thing that leads into a conversation of the fundamental subject of the exchange: devotion. â€Å"And what is devotion, and what is irreverence? † (p. 4). Since Euthyphro is a specialist in religion and appears to be fit for finding the correct course to seek after in what seems to Socrates a problem (the indictment of Euthyphro’s father), and since Socrates is confronting a strict charge, he suggests that he become Euthyphro’s understudy in religion. This is the reason he asks Euthyphro to characterize devotion, with the goal that he himself will have a measure for choosing what is strict and what isn't, therefore have the option to shield himself in court. Euthyphro answers that what he is doing in indicting his dad is strict, and he refers to the point of reference of Zeus rebuffing his own dad (Cronos). Socrates at that point examines a significant number of the narratives concerning difficulty among the divine beings throughout the following hardly any sections as Euthyphro keeps on protecting the divine beings. This interrogating of the narratives regarding the divine beings is the thing that prompts his preliminary in any case, that he addressed them and that since he was an instructor it made the young inquiry the divine beings. In the event that you question the divine beings and the divine beings are devout, you are thusly acting with scandalousness. â€Å"Remember that I didn't request that you give me a few instances of devotion, yet to clarify the general thought which makes every devout thing to be devout. Do you not remember that there would one say one was thought which made the irreverent profane, and the devout? † (p. 6). After Euthyphro admits that he can't gain any ground with this questionâ€having had enoughâ€he pardons himself from further conversation in light of the fact that he should keep an arrangement. The Apology discourse starts with Socrates, at his preliminary, tending to the court after the arraignment has put forth their defense against him. Socrates starts his guard by commenting what powerful speakers his informers are as opposed to himself. He demonstrates that he doesn't hope to get a reasonable hearing in light of the wide-spread bits of gossip about him and that these gossipy tidbits partner him with the characteristic rationalists. The issue with that affiliation is that the regular scholars were generally associated with agnosticism since some of them straightforwardly upheld skepticism. â€Å"Well, at that point, I will make my protection, and I will try in the time which is permitted to get rid of this detestable assessment of me which you have held for so long; and I ope that I may succeed, if this be realize that to achieve this isn't easyâ€I very observe the idea of the undertaking. Leave the occasion alone as God wills: in dutifulness to the law I make my resistance. † (p. 20). This announcement is a hint regarding what Socrates individual convictions are on acting only and with devotion. With his words, he shows the court that in spite of the fact that he doesn't concur with the charges, he will go about as the law has been composed for the entirety of the residents of Athens. He doesn't expect extraordinary treatment and his acknowledgment of his destiny through â€Å"God wills† is that of a devout sort. The â€Å"God wills† line is kind of an affront to those denouncing him on the grounds that, for Socrates to place his destiny in Gods’ hands, it conflicts with the very idea of the allegations of his skeptic conduct. After Socrates gives the court some recorded foundation with respect to why these gossipy tidbits exist, he concentrates on Meletus and the primary charge. Socrates starts by expressing that, since Meletus cases to realize who is tainting the adolescent, he should realize who improves them. After some to and fro between the two men, Socrates gets Meletus to state that all Athenians improve the adolescent and that Socrates is the one in particular who ruins the young. Socrates keeps on utilizing Meletus own words against him all through and in this manner making him look very absurd before the court. â€Å" I have said enough in answer to the charge of Meletus: any intricate barrier is superfluous; however as I was stating previously, I unquestionably have numerous adversaries, and this is the thing that will be my pulverization in the event that I am wrecked; of that I am certain;not Meletus, nor yet Anytus, yet the jealousy and degradation of the world, which has been the passing of numerous great men, and will most likely be the demise of some more; there is no peril of mine being the remainder of them. † (p. 29). Here Socrates, as I would see it, shows the court again that he will accept punishment silently to his informers and not accuse them, yet rather decides to accuse what I might want to call the human condition. That is, putting your own personal matters before that of others to encourage your benefit. This is the reason Socrates battles with anybody giving him a meaning of devotion, since I imagine that to Socrates devotion implies acting philanthropic. Since the human condition is that of self serving your own advantages, he sees through people groups definitions since he realizes that they are going to give a definition that accommodates their thoughts. Somebody will say: Are you not embarrassed, Socrates, of a course of life which is probably going to carry you to a less than ideal end? To him I may reasonably reply: There you are mixed up: a man who is useful for anything should not compute the opportunity of living or kicking the bucket; he should just to consider whether in doin g anything he is doing well or wrongâ€acting the piece of a decent man or of a terrible. † (p. 29). He is stating that you ought not accomplish something great with the expectation of your benefit, yet do it since that is what is correct and that will be the prize. During his â€Å"closing† contention, Socrates expresses that he won't request that his three children come to court and approach them to appeal to the court for his absolution since he â€Å"feels such lead to be discreditable to myself, and you, and the entire state† (p. 35). Once more, Socrates utilizes his words to show the court that he won't permit himself to apologize for something that he believes he didn't foul up. He would lie himself in the event that he did that, and it additionally could be contended that this activity would be irreverent to oneself. Subsequent to being seen as liable, Socrates addresses the court about how he ought to be condemned. The informers have told the court that passing is only for his activities while Socrates helps the individuals to remember the jury that he â€Å"sought to convince each man among you, that he should investigate himself, and look for uprightness and insight before he looks to his private advantages, and look to the state before he looks to the premiums of the state; and this ought to be the request which he sees in the entirety of his actions,† while attempting to convince the jury that he should simply pay a fine (p. 36). After the jury returns with a sentence of death, Socrates is again permitted to address the court. While Socrates says that the preliminary was not a reasonable one, he calls the result â€Å"fair enough. † He says that the outcome is on the grounds that there is a simply extent saved in the ramifications for him and for his informers. He will be killed, however his rivals will live as lesser men on account of their deeds and that their destiny is more terrible. He says nobody realizes what lies after death, however he imagines tw

What I Wish I Knew About Taking a Language COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

What I Wish I Knew About Taking a Language COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Thanks to Amanda Schmitt MIA ’19 for this guest blog post! Amanda’s concentration is Human Rights and Humanitarian Policy with a regional specialization in the Middle East. When I started at SIPA, I knew that my goal was to reach a proficient level of Modern Standard Arabic by the time I graduated so thereafter I could spend time working in the Middle East or in an intensive Arabic program to convert that knowledge into working level proficiency. But I also knew that taking four semesters of Arabic, at 5 units/class, with daily homework and four sessions each week, would mean giving up other SIPA opportunities. Besides the language courses that SIPA offers, most other language courses are offered through Columbia University with both undergraduates and graduate students from other Columbia programs. When deciding between the MIA or MPA degree and before deciding on your course schedule, I strongly suggest considering the tangible cost-benefit of taking language courses during SIPA for your career upon graduation.   Due to the format of MIA vs MPA and our very international program, most students come in already speaking multiple languages and can pass out of the MIA language requirement, or they choose an MPA (though a concentration in EPD still has a foreign language component). But for Seeples who feel they need the international emphasis of the MIA degree and have certain language requirements yet to fulfill, I have some advice. Questions to ask yourself about learning another language in graduate school: Is it necessary for your job aspirations and anticipated job applications to leave SIPA at the intermediate etc. level of language proficiency? I knew that my short-term career goals required these language skills, but for peers that anticipate language needs in the long-term, there may be more inexpensive ways to learn the language after SIPA. This consideration should also take into account the skills you perceive as most necessary for job applications after SIPA and which courses would most effectively fulfill those needs, language or otherwise.   If you are starting from Year I, Level I and plan to take 4 semesters of language courses, are you willing to give up 4-7 SIPA/policy courses for your language coursework? Language courses range from 3-5 units. Since Arabic is 5 units each semester, I put 20 units toward Arabic, giving up potentially 6+ SIPA courses.   Are you prepared to take on a heavy course load each semester to complete the language courses required and your SIPA requirements? For me, this meant taking about 18 units three of four semesters. (If you want to take over 18 units in a semester, the additional cost for me was $1100/credit.) What other priorities do you have for your time at SIPA? I did not get as involved in student organizations, campus jobs, or internships because I had 16-18 units most semesters with daily language homework. However, this varies by individual and what you feel comfortable taking on.   Is it necessary for you to take Columbia language courses? Or could there be another way you could study the language (external language courses, summer courses, Language Resource Center tutoring, group language practice sessions, etc.)? This consideration varies by language and individual learning style. Since Columbia emphasizes Modern Standard Arabic as a baseline for beginning to study Arabic, I will still need to learn colloquial Arabic afterward, which (inshallah) should be easier because of this background. For people learning a language that does not significantly distinguish in form between formal and colloquial, the courses may allow you to reach a working level proficiency if starting from scratch, or be unnecessarily formal if starting from some base of understanding. I highly recommend assessing which format of study would be your most efficient, cost-effective, and timely to your goals.   The main takeaway: before taking a language at graduate school, consider how critical it is to your short-term career goals and whether you are willing to take the tradeoff of the other potential policy coursework that it would necessarily replace. The Admissions Committee looks for clarity of vision among applicants, regardless of language determinations, so I recommend focusing on how to most effectively enjoy your learning opportunity while converting your time at SIPA into tangible growth for your career. I think language skills are extremely important, both for professional application and personal cross-cultural understanding and growth, so this piece is not at all intended to discourage Seeples from learning additional languages! I just hope to help incoming students more pragmatically assess the most effective use of your two years at SIPA. As you decide MPA vs MIA and whether to take language courses, please consider these components so you can maximize your time at SIPA.

Business Ethics In Aviation Research Assignment Paper - 2200 Words

Business Ethics In Aviation Research Assignment Paper (Essay Sample) Content: AINSTITUTIONCOURSE UNITSTUDENTS NAMESTUDENTS ID NUMBERTASKBusiness ethics in AviationDATE11th August 2017AbstractThe purpose of this report is to critically examine various aspects related to aviation ethics and how they positively or negatively affect the aviation sector. To be specific, this report aims at identifying the ethical issues in the aviation sector, how such ethics can be managed and the importance of managing such ethics. The report generally focuses on the aviation sector without being specific on any major airline company. However, it also explains areas where sustainability has been portrayed despite the ethical issues involved. A detailed explanation of the above-mentioned aspects is as discussed below.IntroductionBusiness ethics refers to the professional rules that any business organization is required to follow for its smooth running. Ethical issues, on the other hand, refer to the problems or controversies, which arise when businesses do not prof essionally adhere to the set international ethics. The chosen sector for this report is the airline (aviation) sector. The aviation sector is one of the sectors of any global economy, which contribute to the fast growth and development of that particular economy. According to CITATION Sha15 \p 67 \l 1033 (Shaw Barry, 2015, p.67), the aviation sector has provided jobs to over 58 million people while accruing an annual profit margin of $2.4 trillion. Good business relations among nations emerge when transport to and fro those nations is easy. This is majorly made possible by the aviation sector. This sector, therefore, proves to be a very important area of study for this report. There has been a prolonged argument on the ethics that should be applied to the aviation sector. Some professionals argue that some of the activities undertaken by airline companies are ethical while others oppose such claims. On the basis of the above aspects, the following are the objectives of this repor t. * To identify the ethical issues in the aviation sector. * To discuss the major stakeholders in the aviation sector. * To review the importance of managing business ethics to the aviation sector.The following is the detailed analysis of the aviation sector in relation to some major chosen concepts discussed below.Analysis of the aviation sectorEthical issues facing the aviation sectorSafety is a major ethical issue in the aviation sector. There are two major ethical issues regarding safety, which are really facing the aviation sector. One of these is the overbooking of flights. One might wonder how this is possible. According to CITATION Hop16 \p 110 \l 1033 (Hoppe, 2016, p.110),a website of Southwest Airlines indicated that the company would open a chance for passengers to book and get their air tickets when some passengers did not respond towards their travel, or when those who had earlier booked the flight did not arrive early enough at the respective airports. The problem n ow came in when all the passengers who had earlier and later booked the flight will all be available for the flight a few minutes before the plane took off. With no otherwise, the company would now decide to bump all the passengers in one plane. This is still practiced in many nations till today. However, this is very risky since the plane is designed to carry a specific measured weight which when exceeded; chances of the occurrence of an accident are very high. Relevant and quick action should, therefore, be taken on this ethical issue to ensure that safety is maintained.Secondly, there is also an ethical issue on cramped seats. Several airline companies insert and fix unlawfully designed seats on their planes so as to accommodate more passengers and hence make more profits. According to CITATION Fer15 \p 33 \l 1033 (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015, p.33), these seats are uncomfortable and may lead to severe medical problems to those passengers who sit on them. Several passengers have r eported cases of back pains and blood clots, which started after traveling on planes. Investigations on the illegally fixed seats showed that these seats are really uncomfortable and back pains arise on passengers seated on them, due to up and down movements of the plane in the course of the flight CITATION Tho15 \p 56 \l 1033 (Thomas Burgess, 2015, p.56). This has been a major ethical issue, and the right action to redesign the plane seats according to the expected requirements should be taken.Another major ethical issue in this sector airline sector is the use of false advertising. According to a research carried out by CITATION Int14 \p 44 \l 1033 (IATA, 2014, p.44)which is famously known as the International Air Transport Association, some airline companies advertise falsely, especially in the flight charges. According to this research, passengers in the consumer travelers website gave their grievances about this false advertising. One case is pointed out where one famous a irline company advertised that it was offering a trip from Newark to London for $236. However, after other charges were added, the price rose to $803. Those who had booked had no otherwise other than paying an extra amount which they had not planned for. Prompt action should be taken by such airline companies, and the relevant organization, to stop the use of such false adverts.Ethical issues of discrimination have also been evidenced on different occasions. Cases of some passengers being discriminated on air travel flights have been reported by scholars in various articles. One of these articles, which were posted in the famous New York Post in November 2012, indicated that one woman (passenger), who was a New York resident, was denied the right to travel from Hungary to her hometown CITATION Tan17 \p 112 \l 1033 (Tani, 2017, p.112). According to the report from this article, the woman was denied an air ticket since she was obese. On seven different occasions, this passenger was denied the opportunity to travel by air. Involved airline companies argued that they had no insurance policy which would cover her in the case of death. Later, the woman died. Interrogations with her husband revealed that the husband claimed that the death happened because she was denied the opportunity to travel to get further treatment.However, despite all these ethical issues, aviation sector still holds a strong sustainability focus. The sector has committees boards which are put in place to ensure that all activities run well. For example, a licensing program is developed to ensure that all planes are in accordance to the required standards before they fly.Additionally, measures have been taken by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), to reduce noise emissions. This body intervenes in airline companies to check the performance of engines, which are major emitters of such noise. In the recent years, the noise emissions have been reduced by 8% CITATION Des14 \p 100 \l 1033 (DesJardins McCall, 2014, p.100).Sustainability measures have also been taken to increase fuel efficiency. IATA proposes that planes should use an average of 5.4 liters of fuel for 100km. However, most planes recently use an average of 4 liters of fuel for 100km.The major stakeholders in the aviation sector include; the manufacturers of the planes, airport organizations, aviation sales departments, the tourism department, trade unions among many others.Factors that enable aviation to manage business ethicsTo effectively manage business ethics, the aviation secure utilizes some factors. To start with, the sector defines clearly the roles and rules governing each aviation department. By so doing, each department is given the opportunity to operate, but within its set limits. When organizations operate according to the set standards, business ethics are therefore likely to be followed correctly.Secondly, the aviation sector conducts seminars, shows, and exhibitions, to educate its employees in the international business ethics set for aviation sector CITATION Car14 \p 220 \l 1033 (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014, p.220). This helps to equip them with knowledge on what is ethically right or wrong. Rampant ethical issues can, therefore, be reduced when all the relevant individuals and organization have knowledge on aviation business ethics.Thirdly, the aviation sector makes use of ethics related theories and philosophies, to govern their decision-making process CITATION Har14 \p 89 \l 1033 (Hartman et al., 2014, p.89). Idealism is majorly encouraged in aviation sector on setting business ethics. Idealism deals with representing the ideas, opinions, suggestions, and views of others rather than an individualized decision making. Such philosophies equip the workers, managers and other authorities with the ethical knowledge that is useful in evading ethical issues.Finally, addressing the ethical problems if groups and individuals, help to maintain business ethics . When peoples' needs are fully handled, the chances of such people, breaking the business ethics become low. The aviation sector, therefore, seeks to handle such problems and needs an involving manner, with an aim of managing business ethics.Importance of managing business ethicsThe management of business ethics has really helped the aviation sector. First of all, this has helped to improve the working conditions and has brought more positive changes in th...

United States v. Lopez The Case and Its Impact

In United States v. Lopez (1995), the United States Supreme Court declared the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 an unconstitutional overreach of the implied powers of Congress under the Commerce Clause. The 5-4 divided decision preserved the system of federalism and reversed the Supreme Court’s 50-year trend of rulings that expanded the powers of Congress. Fast Facts: United States v. Lopez Case Argued:  November 4, 1994Decision Issued:  April 26, 1995Petitioner:  United StatesRespondent:  Alfonso Lopez, Jr.Key Questions:  Is the 1990 Gun-Free School Zones Act’s prohibition of possessing a gun in a school zone an unconstitutional overreach of the power of Congress to legislate under the Commerce Clause?Majority Decision:  Justices Rehnquist, O’Connor, Scalia, Thomas, and KennedyDissenting:  Justices Breyer, Ginsburg, Stevens, and SouterRuling:  The legislative history of the Gun-Free School Zones Act failed to justify it as a constitutional exercise of the Commerce Clause. Facts of the Case On March 10, 1992, 12th-grader Alfonso Lopez, Jr. carried an unloaded handgun into his high school in San Antonio, Texas. After admitting to having the gun, Lopez was arrested and charged with violating the federal Gun-Free School Zones Act, which makes it a crime â€Å"for any individual knowingly to possess a firearm [in] a school zone.† After being indicted by a grand jury, Lopez was found guilty by a trial court and sentenced to six months in prison and two years on probation. Lopez appealed to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, claiming that the Gun-Free School Zones Act exceeded the power granted to the Congress by the Commerce Clause. (The Commerce Clause gives Congress the power to â€Å"regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes). Congress had long cited the Commerce Clause as justification for passing gun control laws.   Finding that possession of a firearm had only a â€Å"trivial impact† on commerce, the Fifth Circuit overturned Lopez’s conviction, further noting that the legislative history of the Gun-Free School Zones Act failed to justify it as a constitutional exercise of the Commerce Clause. In approving the United States government’s petition for certiorari, the Supreme Court agreed to review the Circuit Court’s ruling. Constitutional Issues In its deliberations, the Supreme Court faced the question of whether the Gun-Free School Zones Act was a constitutional exercise of the Commerce Clause, which gives Congress power over interstate commerce. The Court was asked to consider whether the possession of a firearm in some way â€Å"affected† or â€Å"substantially affected† interstate commerce. The Arguments In its effort to demonstrate that possession of a firearm in a school zone was a matter that affects interstate commerce, the U.S. government offered the following two arguments: Possession of a firearm in an educational environment heightens the likelihood of violent crimes, which in turn, will increase insurance costs and create expenses harmful to the economy. In addition, the perception of the danger of violence will limit the public’s willingness to travel to the area, thus harming the local economy.With a well-educated populace being critical to the nation’s financial health, the presence of firearms in a school may frighten and distract students and teachers, inhibiting the learning process and thus leading to a weaker national economy. Majority Opinion In its 5-4 majority opinion, written by Chief Justice William Rehnquist, the Supreme Court rejected both of the government’s arguments, finding that the Gun-Free School Zones Act was not substantially related to interstate commerce. First, the Court held that the governments argument would give the federal government virtually unlimited power to prohibit any activity (such as public assembly) that might lead to violent crime, regardless of that activity’s connection to interstate commerce. Secondly, the Court held that the governments argument provided no safeguards to prevent Congress from applying the Commerce Clause as justification for legislation prohibiting any activity (such as careless spending) that might limit an individual’s economic productivity. The opinion also rejected the government’s argument that by harming education, crime in schools substantially affects commerce. Justice Rehnquist concluded: â€Å"To uphold the Governments contentions here, we have to pile inference upon inference in a manner that would bid fair to convert congressional authority under the Commerce Clause to a general police power of the sort retained by the States. This we are unwilling to do. Dissenting Opinion In the Court’s dissenting opinion, Justice Stephen Breyer cited three principles that he considered basic to the case: The Commerce Clause implies the power to regulate activities that â€Å"significantly affect† interstate commerce.Rather than considering a single act, the courts must consider the cumulative effect of all similar acts—such as the effect of all incidents of gun possession in or near schools—on interstate commerce.Rather than determining whether the regulated activity significantly affected interstate commerce, the courts must determine whether Congress could have had a â€Å"rational basis for concluding that the activity affected interstate commerce. Justice Breyer cited empirical studies he said tied violent crimes in schools to the degradation of the quality of education. He then referred to studies showing the growing importance of primary and secondary of education in the job market, and the tendency of U.S. businesses to base location decisions on the presence or absence of a well-educated workforce. Using this rationale, Justice Breyer concluded that school gun violence clearly could have an effect on interstate commerce and that Congress could have rationally concluded that its effect could be â€Å"substantial.† The Impact Because of the United States v. Lopez decision, Congress rewrote the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 to include the required substantial effect connection to interstate commerce used as justification for other federal gun control laws. Specifically, the connection requires that at least one of the firearms used in the crime â€Å"has moved in †¦ interstate commerce.† Because almost all firearms have at some point moved in interstate commerce, gun rights advocates argue that the change was merely a legislative tactic to bypass the Supreme Court’s ruling. However, the revised Federal Gun Free School Zones Act remains in effect today and has been upheld by several United States Circuit Courts of Appeals. Sources .†US Reports: United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995)â€Å" U.S. Library of Congress..†United States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr., 2 F.3d 1342 (5th Cir. 1993)â€Å" US Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

The Wild And Wildlife Conservation Commission - 1699 Words

The second species to address is the lionfish The lionfish as a species here in Florida waters are depleting its existing foods, being species such as gobies and snapper. Off the Florida Keys, â€Å"Nichols used to find shrimp and other small invertebrates in his lobster traps, but he has noticed a steep decline†. This man suspects that from their habits of overeating the only solution the lionfish have for a source of food is to result in cannibalism, an increase in cannibalism that could mean that there are so many lionfish that lionfish are controlling themselves (Buskey, Edward) According to Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, â€Å"Lionfish have 18 venomous spines that should be avoided during capture and handling because they can cause painful injuries. â€Å"Thirteen long venomous spines are found on top of the dorsal fin which are also located on top of the fish s spine. Two short venomous spines are located on the pelvic fins (one on each side), which is located on the bottom of the fish closest to the fish s head. Three other venomous spines are found along â€Å"the front edge of the anal fin which is located on the bottom of the fish nearest the tail.† (Effects of Lionfish). The large pectoral fins and other fins not mention do not have venomous spines. Each spine is contained and covered with a skin-like tissue. During a sting, the skin-like covering is peeled back showing the spiny venomous stinger and is inserted into the attacking enemy. This allows directShow MoreRelatedHunting Is An Essential Component Of Conservation944 Words   |  4 Pagescomponent of conservation and can be used in everyday life; it has been a part of American history from its earliest beginnings and once provided a necessary source of food. 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Hunting is good because it’s necessary for population control, hunters also contribute millions of dollars into wildlife conservation programs that most nonhunters aren’t aware of and knowing where your meat has come from and knowing that you can provide food for your family. People also don’t realize the physical shape and strength you have to have to be a hunter. Most peopleRead MoreHunting Benefits Wildlife Conservation2777 Words   |  11 Pagesdifferent big-game and small-game species of wildlife. The list ranges from the elusive racoon to the prosperous white-tailed deer, and even to the beastly grizzly bear. Since the United States government adopted the concept of conservation, due partly to the great acts of President Theodore Roosevelt, its has been our moral responsibility to protect the game species of America (Belanger). 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The law requires wildlife agencies to review any activity -- for example, the use of underwater explosives or high-intensity active sonar, which has the possibility to kill these animals in the wild. The law is our nations leading instrument for the conservation of these species, and is an international model for such laws. The Marine Mammal Protection Act makes it illegal to take marine

The Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children - 963 Words

The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Many children witness domestic violence each day. Most times, children witness their mothers being abuse by their fathers, step-fathers, or mother’s boyfriends. According to Couchenour and Chrisman (2011), â€Å"Women and children are at greater risk of being victims of abuse than are men† (p. 131). Witnessing violence or being abused at home has serious effects on children. This article explains the short-term and long-term effects that domestic violence has on children. Summary At the beginning, the article states that three to four million children witness domestic violence in their household. Then, it clarifies that witnessing domestic violence can range from seeing the actual incident to seeing its aftermath. The article explains the different emotions, such as anger and fear, that children whom witness domestic violence can feel. The article also describes the most common behaviors these children display at home and school. Lastly, the article thoroughly explains the distinct emotional and physical effects that domestic violence has on children. Interesting Information Reading this article, helped me learn a lot about domestic violence. Before reading this article, I was under the impression that witnessing domestic violence was only seeing the incident. After reading this article, I learned that witnessing also includes hearing the incident, seeing the aftermath, and being aware of the tension at home. I learned that seeing theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1529 Words   |  7 PagesProject: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Trudy Root Kaplan University CM107-11 Children are negatively impacted by the surrounding of domestic violence in multiple ways, in which need to be identified. The audience that needs to be aware of domestic abuse’s effects on children is adults that care for children; such as pediatricians, teachers, counselors, and parents. 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Domestic Violence is described as violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Many children end up being the victims to seeing domestic violence in the home which is very unhealthy to their development. Some children may development resentment toward both parents- one for not leaving and the other for causing the abuse. Depression, aggressive behavior, emotional distress and suicide depending on the severityRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe biggest victims of domestic violence are the littlest. The home is a suppose to be a safe and secure environment for children with loving parents and free from violence. Children need a secure environment where they can come home to when the outside world is unsafe. However, every year there are millions of children who’s homes are not a safe haven. Millions of children are exposed to a parent being violently assaulted. 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According to Shattered Lives magazine, â€Å"One out of every four households experi ence a form of domestic violence† (1). When one feels they have nowhere to go they become more attached and often have children with their perpetrator. The children also play a part in the family members

The Haitian Revolution - 1309 Words

Europeans invaded the land called Saint-Domingue in 1665, which would later be declared Haiti. They brought slaves to this new territory, and used them to mine the land for cash crops. There were barely any problems for the Europeans there until 1791. A group of slaves decided to rebel against their owners, causing the movement known as the Haitian Revolution which would last until 1804. The conditions of slave men and slave women were both poor, but the position of slave women was even lower than that of slave men. Although not completely equal by the end of the revolution, women were significantly closer to equality. They were allowed in combat, proving their bravery and exhibiting their expertise. A few specific slave women were brought into battle because of their husband’s role. The results of the Haitian Revolution, in terms of rights and privileges, were advantageous for former slave women, bringing them closer to equal status with former slave men. The Haitian Revolution was led mainly by Toussaint L’ouverture, a former enslaved coach driver. By the time of the revolution, he was a wealthy free man. In his personal memoir, he states â€Å"I have been a slave; I am willing to own to it†¦ I have made it my duty and pleasure to develop the resources of this beautiful colony.† He sided with the slaves because he had experienced slavery himself. The initial resistance was formed by a team of unorganized slaves, who had just arrived from Africa and were not there for long. TheyShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of The Haitian Revolution1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe Haitian Revolution is one of the most effective and swift Slave revolts of all time. The causes of the Haitian Revolution were quite simple and was similar to any other kind of slave revolt. Many ideas carried around by slave traders at the time such as treating slaves as property, using social/racial classes, and oppressive control ultimately tipped the sl aves over the edge. Ideas of independence also sparked the revolution, and one key inspiration to the cause was The French Revolution. ThisRead MoreHaitian Revolution : The Revolution1199 Words   |  5 PagesHaitian Revolution: The Haitian Revolution was led by Toussaint L’Ouverture from May 20, 1743 to April 7, 1803. It has been described as the largest and most successful slave rebellion. The rebellion was initiated in 1791 by the slaves. In the end, they had succeeded in ending slavery and French control on the colony. The Haitian Revolution consisted of multiple revolutions going simultaneously. The Haitian Revolution existed from 1791 to 1804. It was important because Haiti is the only country whereRead MoreThe Haitian Revolution1975 Words   |  8 Pagesrebellion is called the Haitian Revolution. The Haitian Revolution is one of the largest slave revolts that have ever occurred. 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The events of these revolutions created shockwaves across the Atlantic that wouldRead MoreHaitian revolution Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1791 revolution broke out in the French colony of Saint Domingue, later called Haiti. The Haitian Revolution resounded in communities surrounding the Atlantic Ocean. One of the wealthiest European outposts in the New World, the Caribbean islands western third had some of the largest and most brutal slave plantations. Slave laborers cultivated sugar, coffee, indigo, and cotton, and they endured horrible death rates, requiring constant infusions of slaves from Africa. In 1789 roughly 465,000 blackRead MoreThe Haitian Revolution Of 17911317 Words   |  6 Pages The Haitian Revolution To say that all men are born and created equally is an understatement to say the least. Speaking morally, yes. But in reality, no. Especially if you are someone of African descent lost in the diaspora. Case in point, the Haitian Revolution. 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The Haitian Revolution did not justRead MoreSuccess of the Haitian Revolution1897 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿The Success of the Haitian Revolution The Haitian Revolution was the result of a long struggle on the part of the slaves in the French colony of St. Domingue, but was also propelled by the free Mulattoes who had long faced the trials of being denoted as semi-citizens. This revolt was not unique, as there were several rebellions of its kind against the institution of plantation slavery in the Caribbean, but the Haitian Revolution the most successful. This had a great deal to do withRead MoreFrench Revolution vs. the Haitian Revolution762 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution vs. The Haitian Revolution A revolution is a shift, a turning point, a change in government. A revolution usually occurs when the majority of a nation is frustrated with the economic, political, or the social situation of their country. Two very interesting revolutions were the Haitian and the French revolutions. While the Haitian and French revolutions took place in close proximity to one another, the cause for the revolutions and results were quite different. The politicalRead MoreFactors Responsible for the Outbreak of the Haitian Revolution2143 Words   |  9 PagesCaribbean was the Haitian Revolution. This School Based Assessment (SBA) is aimed at identifying the main causes and effects of the Haitian Revolution. Another aim off this school Based Assessment is to seek to find out why most slave protest and rebellions failed to destroy the system of slavery. Factors that were responsible for the outbreak of the Haitian revolution Class division was a major factor, which contributed to the outbreak of the Haitian Revolution. In St Domingue, there

The Concept and Practice of Depreciation Free Essays

The concept and practice of depreciation plays an integral part in a company†s cash flow situation and funding. The two main reasons this occurs are that firstly depreciation is a for of self finance, and secondly because a company does not have to pay taxes on depreciation, hence excluding taxation from a cash amount which enlarges the cash flow of a company. As a term, depreciation is defined as a loss in value, a diminishment in market price, always taking the time factor into account, because the view point of depreciation is always a rate of change in value in an asset (fixed or current) compared to the present value of that asset. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept and Practice of Depreciation or any similar topic only for you Order Now If a company purchases or rents machinery, or any sort of equipment used for production purposes, it has to take into account the purchased or rented good†s production life span, meaning that everything has a certain period of time in which it contributes to production before it is rendered useless. I use the term useless in the sense that what is produced does not bring profit to the company due to wear and tear resulting in production time loss and a lower standard of quality. The time based usefulness of an asset of course varies depending on what the asset is. If it is a van for example, its usefulness might be seven years before the van needs replacing, but if it is a building we are talking about, its usefulness may be forty years. For example, is a JCB digger were to be purchased in 2000 at the value of  £15000, and its productive life span were to be eight years, this would mean that in eight years time, the digger purchased would cease to be of any productive use to the company which purchased it. If it were to be resoled in 2008 though, its value would have depreciated drastically due to the time lapse from the initial purchase. Its depreciation, hence its devaluation, is its year zero value less an annual percentage of the devaluation process updated annually. Depreciation does not only apply to current assets, but also is applicable to fixed asset as well. Buildings for example lose their value too taking the time scale factor into account. If a building is purchased in 1970 as a newly built structure, its value will have definitely decreased in 2025 by the depreciation rate estimated. The way depreciation is worked out is by subtracting the rate of depreciation (of the year in question) from the present value. The rate of depreciation varies from year to year by its power (in the process of the annual 1 multiplied by the percentage rate of depreciation) being the year number of its depreciation and its depreciation rate possibly varying from year to year. Because depreciation is subtracted from the assets of a financial statement, it is not subject to taxation, therefore the company has automatically achieved a higher cash flow status by depreciating its assets, the worth of its capital value. We can see this in the following mock cash flow calculation (Last Page). In the first and second row, because depreciation is included, the cash and accounting sum of depreciation is not taxed, this leaves the company with more cash flow compared to the third column of the calculation sheet where depreciation is not included. This form of saving, or investing, not only allows a company to have a greater financial mobility in the market it is involved in, but also ensures the replacement of necessary current and fixed assets needed for production purposes. The best way for a firm to be financed it through self finance, and since depreciation is retained cash for future asset replacement, it is a form of self financing. This saves the company paying out interest rates on bank loans for example, an external source of finance which demands a price for the service provided to the company. How to cite The Concept and Practice of Depreciation, Essay examples

The Concept and Practice of Depreciation Free Essays

The concept and practice of depreciation plays an integral part in a company†s cash flow situation and funding. The two main reasons this occurs are that firstly depreciation is a for of self finance, and secondly because a company does not have to pay taxes on depreciation, hence excluding taxation from a cash amount which enlarges the cash flow of a company. As a term, depreciation is defined as a loss in value, a diminishment in market price, always taking the time factor into account, because the view point of depreciation is always a rate of change in value in an asset (fixed or current) compared to the present value of that asset. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept and Practice of Depreciation or any similar topic only for you Order Now If a company purchases or rents machinery, or any sort of equipment used for production purposes, it has to take into account the purchased or rented good†s production life span, meaning that everything has a certain period of time in which it contributes to production before it is rendered useless. I use the term useless in the sense that what is produced does not bring profit to the company due to wear and tear resulting in production time loss and a lower standard of quality. The time based usefulness of an asset of course varies depending on what the asset is. If it is a van for example, its usefulness might be seven years before the van needs replacing, but if it is a building we are talking about, its usefulness may be forty years. For example, is a JCB digger were to be purchased in 2000 at the value of  £15000, and its productive life span were to be eight years, this would mean that in eight years time, the digger purchased would cease to be of any productive use to the company which purchased it. If it were to be resoled in 2008 though, its value would have depreciated drastically due to the time lapse from the initial purchase. Its depreciation, hence its devaluation, is its year zero value less an annual percentage of the devaluation process updated annually. Depreciation does not only apply to current assets, but also is applicable to fixed asset as well. Buildings for example lose their value too taking the time scale factor into account. If a building is purchased in 1970 as a newly built structure, its value will have definitely decreased in 2025 by the depreciation rate estimated. The way depreciation is worked out is by subtracting the rate of depreciation (of the year in question) from the present value. The rate of depreciation varies from year to year by its power (in the process of the annual 1 multiplied by the percentage rate of depreciation) being the year number of its depreciation and its depreciation rate possibly varying from year to year. Because depreciation is subtracted from the assets of a financial statement, it is not subject to taxation, therefore the company has automatically achieved a higher cash flow status by depreciating its assets, the worth of its capital value. We can see this in the following mock cash flow calculation (Last Page). In the first and second row, because depreciation is included, the cash and accounting sum of depreciation is not taxed, this leaves the company with more cash flow compared to the third column of the calculation sheet where depreciation is not included. This form of saving, or investing, not only allows a company to have a greater financial mobility in the market it is involved in, but also ensures the replacement of necessary current and fixed assets needed for production purposes. The best way for a firm to be financed it through self finance, and since depreciation is retained cash for future asset replacement, it is a form of self financing. This saves the company paying out interest rates on bank loans for example, an external source of finance which demands a price for the service provided to the company. How to cite The Concept and Practice of Depreciation, Essay examples

People Skills are Important in an Organization

Question: Based upon the slide in the first weeks lecture that shows the Shaping of Information Governance there is a Venn diagram that shows where people skills, business processes, application and information holdings all come together in the middle with a level of information stability. Choose any one of the four aspects of the Venn diagram and make an assumption that it is either not present in the internal environment or it is damaged in some way. How would that affect the information sustainability of the organisation? What would that do to the information governance of the organisation? Make a forecast of what could occur to the organisation. Answer: If people skills are not present or inadequate in some way, then there is going to be lack of direction to deliver results and hence achieve growth and success. People Skills strengthens value across the organizations (Mehta, 2015).If people are unskilled or are incapable to provide the requisite information to solve the problems associated with people, then organizations cant proceed further to achieve their intended goals. If people skills are inadequate, then the organization would have to spend time and efforts in training people to get desired leadership skills for the organization (Freifeld, 2013). In other words, it means that organizations would have to build their human resources to strengthen information exchange across different departments and strengthen the governance. References Mehta, P. (2015). Why People Skills are important in an Organization. [online] Linkedin.com. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-people-skills-important-organization-pallavi-kapoor Freifeld, L. (2013). Interpersonal Networking Skills Make Leaders More Effective. [online] Training Magazine. Available at: https://trainingmag.com/content/interpersonal-networking-skills-make-leaders-more-effective

The Scarlet Letter Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter Essay Thesis The Scarlet Letter The Ministers Anguish Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter is a compelling story which explores the inner emotions of the human mind, spirit, and the heart.Set around the 1640s in a Boston Puritan society, it focuses on the moral issue revolving around the virtue of truth and the evil of secret sin.Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, a man of profound knowledge of religion and a true devotee of God, commits a crime of passion with the young and married Hester Prynne.The Puritan society, which barely tolerates any sin, seeks out Hester Prynne and punishes her by making her wear the scarlet letter A.Even though, Arthur Dimmesdale escapes punishment from the Puritan society, he endures an excruciating amount of pain that he brings forth onto himself.Due to the weakness in Dimmesdales character and the guilt that comes from within, he is forced to carry the tremendous weight of concealing his sin on his soul and heart. We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Letter Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale lives in a world of hypocrisy which is brought on by the strong sense of guilt he feels thats a burden on his soul.As a minister, Dimmesdale is believed to be absolutely pure who follows his own teachings.People think, The young divine. . . was considered by his more fervent admirers as little less that heavenly and ordained apostle. . . (119), about the clergyman.However, Dimmesdale being a hypocrite, urges his congregations to confess their sins openly and then himself refrains from doing the same.He is afraid of what the societys reactions could be towards him and he would be released from his duties to God.Once, Dimmesdale directly tells Hester to confess at the scaffold.He says, . . . Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him; for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee on thy pedestal of shame, yet better were it so, that to hide a guilty heart through life (73).Dimmesdale preaches that a person is righteous in admitting their crime rather than carrying the guilt around for the rest of his life.Being unprincipled, Dimmesdale does the exact opposite of his own advice.As a minister of the Puritan church, Dimmesdale holds a very high position in society where everyone looks up to him as a role model.He feels very guilty in his heart knowing that he has committed a sin.People identify him as a guiltless and holy man.When people have that kind of a view for him, Dimmesdale feels even more pressured and sinful.He yearns to speak out the truth to make people abandon his false image of a perfectionist.Dimmesdale wants to say, . . . -I whose footsteps, as you suppose, leave a gleam along my earthy track, . . . I, -who have laid the hand of baptism upon your children, . . . -I, your pastor, whom you so reverence and trust, am utterly a pollution and lie! (140).Constantly, Dimmesdale is punishing himself by allowing such feelings of torment deteriorate him em otionally.He believes he has an enormous responsibility to God and his followers.By concealing the truth from his followers, Dimmesdale feels hes deceiving God.Just as he feels sinful about living as a hypocrite, he senses pain when he realizes how much Hester and Pearl have endured. Unable to carry on the responsibility of being a caring father and a beloved husband, Arthur Dimmesdale feels guilty.This sense of guilt consumes him, furthermore, increasing his anguish when he sees Hester suffering alone for the crime they both perpetrate.The first time Dimmesdale gets up on the scaffold with the rest of his family, he says to Hester, Ye have both been here before, but I was not with you. . . (148).Dimmesdale wants Hester to know that he realizes how hard its been for her to go through the humiliation and suffering.At the moment, he decides to share Hesters repentance by standing next to her.Pearl, too, stands on the scaffold with them.Dimmesdales feels a lot of love for his daughter.When Pearl is about to meet Dimmesdale, he says, . . . how my heart dreads this interview, and yearns for it!. . . Yet Pearl, twice in her little lifeti..me hath been kind to me! . . . (196).Hes scared that what if Pearl doesnt expect him as her father and at the same time he feel s excited to meet her.The reader can see how it must have been hard for Dimmesdale to deny Pearl as his daughter in the village just so he can keep his sin secret.He is unable to accept his family in front of the Puritans because of Dimmesdales guilt of not complying of being their role model.To keep his sin disguised and not being able to admit his guilt , he afflicts himself with wounds during which he witnesses hallucinations.He sees, . . . through the chamber which these spectral thoughts had made so ghastly, glided Hester Prynne, leading along little Pearl in her scarlet garb and pointing her forefinger, first at the scarlet letter on her bosom, and then at the clergymans own breast(142).This quote shows how he feels he did injustice towards his family for letting them suffer alone.Dimmesdale thinks that Pearl blames him for the unusual childhood she has due to the crime.His soul, even after carrying so much guilt, conveys a tragic flaw as well. .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc , .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc .postImageUrl , .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc , .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc:hover , .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc:visited , .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc:active { border:0!important; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc:active , .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1dee92ba87a0d05a88e8befdbe45cfc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Anxiety Caused When A Mistake Is Realized EssayAnother force that puts Dimmesdale through unnecessary anguish is his weakness of not acknowledging publicly that he committed a sin.He aspires to become a perfectionist but ends up having poor will power.Throughout the novel, the reader sees the minister trying to justify his crime through excuses.From the beginning, Dimmesdale knows there is only one way to pay penance which is admitting his guilt.At first, he indirectly suggests an explanation for his secret sin.Dimmesdale tell Chillingworth, . . . they are kept silent by the very constitution of their nature.Or- can we not suppose it?-guilty as they may be, retaining , nevertheless, a zeal for Gods glory and mans welfare, they shrink from displaying themselves black and filthy in the view of men; because . . . no good can be achieved by them; no evil of the past be redeemed by better service.So to their own unutterable torment, they go about among their fellow-creatures looking pure . . . while their hearts are speckled and spotted. . . (130). Dimmesdale wants to justify his action by saying that if man commits a sin, then he will be punished by God only.Hes trying to say that whats the use of being looked at by lower standards through the eyes of human beings when God will discipline the person harshly anyway.One of the other reasons is that he believes its in good faith to continue to do Gods work even when he isnt following on the path of God.Dimmesdale despises himself for his inability to confess and he even inflicts many body injuries. Rev. Dimmesdale apprehends the fact that he has to admit his crime before the world.He says to Hester, . . . Else I should long ago have thrown off their garments of mock holiness and have shown myself to mankind as they will see me at the judgment seat.Happy are you, Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom!Mine burns in secret!Thou little knowest what a relief, after the torment of a seven years cheat, to look into an eye that recognizes me for what I am! . . . (183). When Reverend Dimmesdale finally decides to admit he had committed a sin of adultery in front of the whole Puritan village, he still needs strength from Hester to carry him up to the scaffold.Pearl is also right by Dimmesdale holding his hand.To overcome his weakness, Dimmesdale uses the support of his family, Hester and Pearl, very successfully. Reverend Dimmesdales weakness in character and the load of guiltiness he feels is the cause of hiding his crime from the society.Due to the constant struggles within himself, Dimmesdale is finally able admit his sin and die a peaceful death on the scaffold where the whole ordeal had began.Nathaniel Hawthorne portrays Dimmesdale as a frail human being who is able to overcome a lot of agony with the strength of truth.The clergymans life and death leaves us an important moral to remember: Be true!Be true! Be true!Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred! (242).

Essay on Leadership on the Field of Play

Essay on Leadership on the Field of PlayIf you are looking for a sample essay on leadership on the field of play, then this article can help. Theses are some great tips that can help you along your way in writing a great essay on leadership and its place in the game of football. But first, what is leadership?A common definition of leadership is that it is the person that acts as a leader. So how do you define a leader? Well, in football terms, the position of the leader is the striker. This means that the team needs strikers to create opportunities for them and score goals for them.So in a nutshell, leadership is creating an opportunity for the team to score the goals and to create a great performance out of the players on the field. It is these traits that the game requires that can be provided by leaders. Now for the essay on leadership on the field of play, what do you need to focus on?First off, always be honest and set the ground rules before you begin writing. How many players will participate in the discussion? This will help you narrow down your essay on leadership.After you decide on how many will be participating, make sure you know exactly what you want your good essay on leadership to accomplish. Be specific and outline why you want your essay to be successful. Knowing why you want it to be successful, will help you get the full essay up and running.Next, be concise and give the reader just enough information to be able to understand your essay. Write concisely and do not try to write fast. Keep your sentences short and simple. You will find that if you keep this in mind, then you will not have to worry about forgetting any important information that you want to convey.Also, remember to follow the ground rules when writing an essay on leadership. The ground rules for the essay are the same as writing a paper on writing skills. When you follow the ground rules for writing a good essay on leadership, you will find that you do not have to worry about m aking errors or making any corrections at all.The key to writing an essay on leadership is just to follow the guidelines and fundamentals in writing a good essay on leadership. Follow these guidelines and you will be well on your way to writing an excellent essay on leadership on the field of play.

Rights of Peasants in Peru essays

Rights of Peasants in Peru essays In December of 1915 a huge step for the rights of Peasants in Peru was taken. Juan Pevez was born in Ica, Peru and in 1915 he lead an uprising against the Picasso family who ran the that Pevez worked on. In Water!, an excerpt from Pevezs autobiography, a dispute over rights to water is described and how the peasants overcame . Southern Peru does not see much rain during the year, so when it does come it is an extremely valued commodity. In December 1915 a very unusual thing happened. The water came much earlier that year and to the peasant's surprise it went unnoticed by the estate owners. In that time the estate owners unlawfully kept the water from the peasants until their own fields were irrigated. The water came that year in the middle of the night so the estate owners were clueless. Unaware that they had the same rights to the water as the estate owners, the farmers were reluctant to open up the Sluice gates that allowed the water to enter their own small cana ls to irrigate their land. Juan Pevez, who was enrolled in the School of Agronomy informed the farmers that legally they had a right to the water. Trusting Pevez, they all opened their gates to irrigate their fields unbeknownst to the landowners. Soon, morning came and the stolen water was noticed and a brawl broke out between the serfs and the estate owners. After being broken up the peasants formed a delegation to make a plea to the Technical Commission to state their concern about the unfair distribution of water. The director of the commission, Ezequiel Gago, heard both sides argument. In December 1915 history was made when Gago ruled in favor of the Peasants. That was the first time in the history of the valley that a group of peasants won a case against a powerful landowner like Picasso. The account of this event is very important for many reasons. First, as I stated before, this was an historical event for t ...

Opeation Compass during World War II

Opeation Compass during World War II Operation Compass - Conflict: Operation Compass took place during World War II (1939-1945). Operation Compass - Date: Fighting in the Western Desert began on December 8, 1940 and concluded on February 9, 1941. Armies Commanders: British General Richard OConnorGeneral Archibald Wavell31,000 men275 tanks, 60 armored cars, 120 artillery pieces Italians General Rodolfo GrazianiGeneral Annibale Bergonzoli150,000 men600 tanks, 1,200 artillery pieces Operation Compass - Battle Summary: Following Italys June 10, 1940, declaration of war on Great Britain and France, Italian forces in Libya began raiding across the border into British-held Egypt. These raids were encouraged by Benito Mussolini who wished the Governor-General of Libya, Marshal Italo Balbo, to launch a full scale offensive with the goal of capturing the Suez Canal. After Balbos accidental death on June 28, Mussolini replaced him with General Rodolfo Graziani and gave him similar instructions. At Grazianis disposal were the Tenth and Fifth Armies which consisted of around 150,000 men. Opposing the Italians were the 31,000 men of Major General Richard OConnors West Desert Force. Though badly outnumbered the British troops were highly mechanized and mobile, as well as possessed more advanced tanks than the Italians. Among these was the heavy Matilda infantry tank which possessed armor that no available Italian tank/anti-tank gun could breach. Only one Italian unit was largely mechanized, the Maletti Group, which possessed trucks and a variety of light armor. On September 13, 1940, Graziani gave into Mussolinis demand and attacked into Egypt with seven divisions as well as the Maletti Group. After recapturing Fort Capuzzo, the Italians pressed into Egypt, advancing 60 miles in three days. Halting at Sidi Barrani, the Italians dug in to await supplies and reinforcements. These were slow arriving as the Royal Navy had increased its presence in the Mediterranean and was intercepting Italian supply ships. To counter the Italian advance, OConnor planned Operation Compass which was designed to push the Italians out of Egypt and back into Libya as far as Benghazi. Attacking on December 8, 1940, British and Indian Army units struck at Sidi Barrani. Exploiting a gap in the Italian defenses discovered by Brigadier Eric Dorman-Smith, British forces attacked south of Sidi Barrani and achieved complete surprise. Supported by artillery, aircraft, and armor, the assault overran the Italian position within five hours and resulted in the destruction of the Maletti Group and the death of its commander, General Pietro Maletti. Over the next three days, OConnors men pushed west destroying 237 Italian artillery pieces, 73 tanks, and capturing 38,300 men. Moving through Halfaya Pass, they crossed the border and captured Fort Capuzzo. Wishing to exploit the situation, OConnor wanted to keep attacking however he was forced to halt as his superior, General Archibald Wavell, withdrew the 4th Indian Division from the battle for operations in East Africa. This was replaced on December 18 by the raw Australian 6th Division, marking the first time Australian troops saw combat in World War II. Resuming the advance, the British were able to keep the Italians off balance with the speed of their attacks which led to entire units being cut off and forced to surrender. Pushing into Libya, the Australians captured Bardia (January 5, 1941), Tobruk (January 22), and Derna (February 3). Due to their inability to stop OConnors offensive, Graziani made the decision to completely abandon the region of Cyrenaica and ordered the Tenth Army to fall back through Beda Fomm. Learning of this, OConnor devised a new plan with the goal of destroying the Tenth Army. With the Australians pushing the Italians back along the coast, he detached Major General Sir Michael Creaghs 7th Armoured Division with orders to turn inland, cross the desert, and take Beda Fomm before the Italians arrived. Traveling via Mechili, Msus and Antelat, Creaghs tanks found the rough terrain of the desert difficult to cross. Falling behind schedule, Creagh made the decision to send a flying column forward to take Beda Fomm. Christened Combe Force, for its commander Lieutenant Colonel John Combe, it was composed of around 2,000 men. As it was intended to move quickly, Creagh limited its armor support to light and Cruiser tanks. Rushing forward, Combe Force took Beda Fomm on February 4. After establishing defensive positions facing north up the coast, they came under heavy attack the next day. Desperately attacking Combe Forces position, the Italians repeatedly failed to break through. For two days, Combes 2,000 men held off 20,000 Italians supported by over 100 tanks. On February 7, 20 Italian tanks managed to break into the British lines but were defeated by Combes field guns. Later that day, with the rest of the 7th Armoured Division arriving and the Australians pressing from the north, the Tenth Army began surrendering en masse. Operation Compass - Aftermath The ten weeks of Operation Compass succeeded in pushing the Tenth Army out of Egypt and eliminating it as a fighting force. During the campaign the Italians lost around 3,000 killed and 130,000 captured, as well as approximately 400 tanks and 1,292 artillery pieces. West Desert Forces losses were limited to 494 dead and 1,225 wounded. A crushing defeat for the Italians, the British failed to exploit the success of Operation Compass as Churchill ordered the advance stopped at El Agheila and began pulling out troops to aid in the defense of Greece. Later that month, the German Afrika Korps began deploying to the area radically changing the course of the war in North Africa.   This would lead to fighting back and forth with Germans winning at places such as Gazala before being halted at First El Alamein and crushed at Second El Alamein.  Ã‚   Selected Sources History of War: Operation CompassWorld War II Database: Operation Compass

Art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art history - Essay Example The angel Gabriel's declaration to Mary that she was to become the mother of Jesus is called the Annunciation. The story is found I what is known as the Infancy Narrative of St. Luke's Gospel - Luke 1:5-2:52 (The Catholic Encyclopedia).Rogier van der Weyden's painting, The Annunciation, was completed around 1435, is a 33 7/8" x 36 1/4" panel, which once was part of a triptych. The depiction is of Mary in a bedchamber, seated by the light of a window at the right, positioned on the floor in a stance that implies that she had been busy reading while angel Gabriel comes to pronounce that she was blessed among women to bear the child Jesus. Gabriel appears to Mary's back with a somewhat solemn face as Mary turns her head towards him.Weyden portrays a somewhat intimate detailed image; he tries to show that Mary was reading a book while angel Gabriel declared that she would be the chosen woman to bear Jesus. The original purpose of including a book in his painting was to evoke the prophecy of Isaiah, "Behold, a virgin shall conceive".In the deep space that characterizes Van der Weyden's work, Mary acknowledges the presence of Gabriel with a head inclined away from the book and a gesture of the raised right hand...Van der Weyden introduces some significant elements into the Annunciation iconography. To denote purity, the vase of lilies is present but so too is a carafe of clear liquid, which may also represent an alchemical union of the sexes (Losh, 2001). According to The Catholic Encyclopedia, "The column which separates the angel Gabriel from Mary symbolizes the division of the Old and the New Law that was bridged by the Incarnation." [National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Mellon Collection, 1937] The artist represents a shallow space, and he uses logical measurement, since the bodies of angel Gabriel and Mary where inclined at the same direction and the bench was paralleled to the bed. We can clearly see that the picture is dynamic, full of movement, we can easily know that Gabriel is stating a message to Mary while Mary on the other hand reacts to what the angel have declared. The composition was fairly organized, the artist uses harmonious perspective in detailing every object in the painting, but the objects seem to be shorter than they really are, the bench was not comfortable to sit in, the bed looks shorter for the size of Mary, and the chandelier seems to hit the heads of Mary if she will stand. I consider Mary as the focal point of the painting. Her black gown catches first my attention; its solid, vivid color amazed me. The intended point-of-view of the scene is oblique, as intended by the artist, place yourself in the right side of the painting, and look at it with an angle of 45 degrees then you will see the image more precisely and the message it wants to impart. As one of Rogier's successful works, the Annunciation was characterized by cold and bold colors; they were as strong as the message was so strong - that it is possible for a virgin to conceive a child even without the intervention of the flesh or sexual intercourse - also it is characterized by rhythmic elongated lines, particularly evident in fluttering robes and draperies, by the elegant mannered poses of the figures, and especially by a tragic religious intensity that reached a peak in three versions of the crucifixion. The scene is sharply lit, there are no unnecessary lines in the painting, and every detail can be seen, even the thread that holds the curtain of the bed. The light is obviously coming from the right side window if you are facing towards the painting and at the left side of Mary. The artist uses different textures, from the chandelier, in designing the window, to the plain style of the bed and beddings, to the chairs and its pillows, to Mary's clothing, and specially so, to what Gabriel was wearing, its designs and details depicts the magnificence of the creature. Most of the paintings of Rogier van der Weyden were serene,

Rize-Film Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rize-Film Critique - Essay Example The setting and the effects used are accurate too. The scenes are moving and the characters express the right emotions when needed. For example, Tommy the Clown adjusts his expressions to make them hilarious for kids. This serves to show the relevance of the film. The social message, the authenticity of the dance moves and the accuracy of the setting make this film a commendable effort. There are several negative aspects of the film. One concerns the strip dancing routine. This raises a concern considering that there is a scene where preteen girls and dancers affiliated with strict Christian faith perform it. The speed and exaggeration of the dance moves could come out to some viewers as unrealistic too. Nevertheless, the negatives of this film are overwhelmed by the appealing views of this film. In conclusion, Rize is a very appealing and energetic film. It elicits high levels of amazement and interest in the viewer. The film director, David LaChapelle, shows his talent by making a captivating, accurate and a socially relatable film. The characters are instrumental in making the film a success by executing the dance moves powerfully and in a synchronized manner. Tommy the Clown serves as the main character and pioneer of the clowning dance, a mixture of break dancing and simulated fighting. He showcases transformation from a convict to a positively influential person on the streets through his unique form of dancing. The dance moves are fast but very real. This enhances the authenticity of the film.

United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF)

United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) The purpose of this memo is to critically summarise the operations of the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) and its goals for the future. Following the end of World War II in 1946, The United Nations (UN) established a program aimed to provide the basic necessities of life to famine and disease ridden children in Europe[1]. On the 11th of December, 1946, UNICEF was born[2]. UNICEF was created for the purpose of addressing the needs of underprivileged children which include diminishing the prevalence of disease, malnutrition, HIV/AIDS and violence while ensuring all children have access to quality education[3]. Work Conducted by UNICEF One stated goal of UNICEF is to combat the inordinate number of young child and pregnancy related deaths[4]. A large proportion of these deaths occur due to preventable diseases and illnesses, malnutrition, poor sanitation and a severe lack of medical facilities[5]. In their efforts to minimise the deaths, UNICEF has established successful, uncomplicated and cost effective involvements within problem areas of the world[6]. Some of these contributions include vaccinations, antibiotics, nutritional supplements, insecticide-treated bed nets and the implementation of safer and more hygienic practices[7]. The prominence of HIV and AIDS in underdeveloped countries is another substantial hurdle UNICEF faces[8]. As well as establishing methods of preventing the transmission of HIV, UNICEF also provides protection, treatment and support for children affected by HIV/AIDS[9]. In conjunction with other child protection establishments, UNICEF has instigated social protection schemes to increase exposure to education and health services and aid communities and carers[10]. UNICEF has found the prominence of violence and exploitation of children to be one of the prime crises across the globe[11]. Issues such as unregistered births, child labour, child marriage, sexual exploitation of children, female genital mutilation, violence against children and other human rights violations are highly prevalent and insufficiently recognised and addressed[12]. By providing a protective environment for children and raising awareness of these child abuses, UNICEF hopes to generate responses and preventative measures to counteract these violations of childrens human rights[13]. Another area UNICEF hopes to address is the lack of quality education available to many children[14]. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) article 26, education is a basic human right[15]. Education is the cornerstone of personal and societal development. Implementing the assistance of local, national and international partners, UNICEF works to guarantee every child is entitled to a quality education, regardless of gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic background or personal circumstances[16]. Gender equality is another strong focus as UNICEF works to increase the number of girls with access to education[17]. UNICEF approaches these educational problems with a rights-based attitude with the hope of improving some of societies entrenched inequalities[18]. Priorities have been established by UNICEF to overcome the problems, which include equal access, universal primary education, gender quality and female education, post-crisis and emergency education, early childho od development and enhanced educational quality[19]. However, UNICEF understands that its aims for universal education require a long term global commitment[20]. UNICEFs dominant role is that of working in emergencies and delivering adequate humanitarian assistance to children in need[21]. During wartimes, UNICEF initiates critical interventions to save the lives and protect the rights of vulnerable children[22]. The focus of these interventions is to provide and ascertain emergency healthcare, sufficient food, clean drinking water and sanitation[23]. Post-war restoration of educational institutions assists with child protection and the reinstatement of normal routines[24]. Wartimes often bring about increased female violence, child abduction and gathering of child soldiers. UNICEF works to combat these problems in three predominant ways: prevention, protection, recuperation and reintegration[25]. Criticisms of UNICEF Despite their humanitarian stance, UNICEF has received criticisms from various groups, governments and individuals for failing to adequately address the problems facing particular groups. Israeli non-governmental organisation NGO Monitor, is highly critical of UNICEFs involvement with and funding of Palestinian Youth Association for Leadership and Rights Activation (PYALARA)[26]. A supposed non-political group, NGO Monitor alleges that PYALARA has been dishonest concerning its hidden agenda[27]. PYALARAs youth newspaper has been reported by NGO Monitor to advocate overt political intentions and indirectly show support of terror attacks on civilians and suicide bombings[28]. UNICEF has a policy of only supporting non-political organisations and has been criticised by NGO Monitor for showing political bias or negligence in their duty to be aware of PYALARAs true activities[29]. UNICEF has also been disapproved of by the American Life League for the introduction of family planning as part of their maternal and child health services[30]. With these new services came the distribution of contraceptives by UNICEF to countries suffering overpopulation and poverty[31]. Soon after this controversy, UNICEF reportedly spent vast amounts of funding to initiate sterilisation facilities in countries around the world[32]. Further to these claims, the Catholic Church attacked UNICEF for its promotion of contraceptives, abortion and sterilisation, and display of a suction abortion machine order form on the UNICEF website[33]. In 1996, following the discovery of a sterilising agent in the UNICEF distributed tetanus vaccines in the Philippines, Mexico, Nicaragua, Tanzania, India and Nigeria, the Vatican actually withdrew its annual donation to UNICEF in condemnation of their practices[34]. Sudanese Oxford scholar Bona Malwal and The International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) have also spoken out against UNICEF regarding Sudanese slavery. Bona Malwal believes that UNICEF is partly to blame for the continuing slavery in Sudan as they failed to act appropriately[35]. Malwal claims UNICEF has allowed the Sudanese government to escape all denunciation at the annual United Nations Human Rights meetings and turned a blind eye to the outrageous human rights breaches that occurred in Sudan[36]. In failing to acknowledge the slavery problem in Sudan and instead referring to countless abductions, Malwal holds UNICEF responsible for the hundreds of thousands of unaccounted for women and children[37]. Similarly, UNICEF has faced additional condemnation by the IHEU[38]. The IHEU have criticised UNICEF for delaying the slave rescue action to be undertaken by the Sudanese run Committee for Eradication of Abduction of Women and Children (CEAWAC)[39]. CEAWACs proposed operation was fiercely supported by the majority of Sudanese slaves and their families, yet UNICEF didnt act[40]. UNICEFs reluctance to call the victims of slavery slaves was another point for disparagement by the IHEU[41]. UNICEF is a humanitarian organisation, directing its efforts in various areas to help combat many of the violations against children that occur across the globe. Focus areas remain in the reduction of disease and malnutrition related deaths, dealing with HIV/AIDS sufferers, preventing the exploitation of children, ensuring equal access to education and providing sufficient support in times of emergency and conflict. However, despite its humanitarian objectives and efforts, UNICEF still receives criticism for some of its decisions and shortcomings. References International Humanist and Ethical Union (2005) IHEU speaks at UN of plight of Sudanese slaves, available: http://www.iheu.org/node/170 [accessed 15 Oct 2009] Mark, J. (2003) Slavery: Sudanese Scholar Speaks Out [online], available: http://jmm.aaa.net.au/articles/11093.htm [accessed 15 Oct, 2009] Mosher, S. (2009) UNICEF, WHO Want Alliance with Church but Promote Abortion [online], available: http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=33157 [accessed 12 Oct 2009] NGO Monitor (2003) UNICEF Funding Political Activities, NGO Monitor Analysis [online], 1(5), available: http://www.ngo-monitor.org/editions/v1n05/v1n05-1.htm [accessed 12 Oct 2009] Tignor, L. (2005) The Truth About UNICEF [online], available: http://www.all.org/article.php?id=10105 [accessed 12 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2006) UNICEFs Role in Emergencies [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/emerg/index_33296.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2008) Basic Education and Gender Equality: UNICEF in Action [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/girlseducation/index_action.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2008) Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation and Abuse: the Big Picture [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/protection/index_bigpicture.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2008) Children and HIV and AIDS: UNICEF in Action [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/aids/index_42838.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2008) Partnership for Education and Gender Equality [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/girlseducation/index_44865.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2008) Who We Are [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/about/who/index_introduction.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2008) Young Child Survival and Development [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/childsurvival/index.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2009) Basic Education and Gender Equality [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/girlseducation/index.php [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2009) Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation and Abuse [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/protection/index.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] United Nations (2009) Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) [online], available: http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ [Accessed 14 Oct, 2009] Bibliography Brizee, A. (2009) Memo Writing [online], available: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/printable/590/ [accessed 3 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2008) Who We Are [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/about/who/index_introduction.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] ibid ibid UNICEF (2008) Young Child Survival and Development [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/childsurvival/index.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] ibid ibid ibid UNICEF (2008) Children and HIV and AIDS: UNICEF in Action [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/aids/index_42838.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] ibid ibid UNICEF (2008) Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation and Abuse: the Big Picture [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/protection/index_bigpicture.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] ibid UNICEF (2009) Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation and Abuse [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/protection/index.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2009) Basic Education and Gender Equality [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/girlseducation/index.php [accessed 10 Oct 2009] United Nations (2009) Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) [online], available: http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ [accessed 14 Oct 2009] UNICEF, Basic Education and Gender Equality [online] ibid ibid UNICEF (2008) Basic Education and Gender Equality: UNICEF in Action [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/girlseducation/index_action.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2008) Partnership for Education and Gender Equality [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/girlseducation/index_44865.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] UNICEF (2006) UNICEFs Role in Emergencies [online], available: http://www.unicef.org/emerg/index_33296.html [accessed 10 Oct 2009] ibid ibid ibid ibid NGO Monitor. (2003) UNICEF Funding Political Activities, NGO Monitor Analysis [online], 1(5), available http://www.ngo-monitor.org/editions/v1n05/v1n05-1.htm [accessed 12 Oct 2009] NGO Monitor is a Jerusalem based organisation who monitor Middle Eastern NGOs with the aim of prohibiting other NGOs from promoting perceived ideologically motivated anti-Israel agendas. PYALARA is a student run Palestinian NGO. ibid ibid ibid Tignor, L. (2005) The Truth About UNICEF [online], available: http://www.all.org/article.php?id=10105 [accessed 12 Oct 2009] ibid ibid Mosher, S. (2009) UNICEF, WHO Want Alliance with Church but Promote Abortion [online], available: http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=33157 [accessed 12 Oct 2009] Tignor, The Truth About UNICEF [online] Mark, J. 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